Typical scenario

Only signatures made after the disputed date were supplied for comparison

If a disputed signature belongs to one period and all reference signatures were made much later, the comparison set needs separate assessment. Changes in a habitual signature, writing conditions or the writer’s condition may affect comparability, but do not themselves prove forgery.

What needs to be clarified

Preparation could establish which samples belong to the relevant person and when and how they were made. It helps to clarify which differences can be examined and what information would be needed to explain them.

Materials to prepare

  • The disputed document in its available form, noting whether the original exists and where copies came from.
  • Documents bearing signatures from different periods, preferably near the disputed date.
  • Records of sample provenance, usual writing conditions and documented signature changes.

What to compare

  • Whether the reference signatures’ authorship and timing are supported.
  • Comparability of document format, signature placement, writing instrument and conditions.
  • Whether the number and variety of samples support examination of persistent features.

Possible outcome of the analysis

A possible result is a period-by-period inventory assessing suitability and identifying missing documents. This can refine the assignment without confusing insufficient reference material with a negative finding about the signer.

Limits of the conclusions

A later sample is not automatically unsuitable, and visual similarity does not settle authorship. Exact stroke dating and technical alteration of a document are separate tasks, not established by signature comparison alone.

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